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The Netziv, Reading Newspapers on Shabbos & Censorship (Part Two)

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The Netziv, Reading Newspapers on Shabbos & Censorship (Part Two)*.
By Eliezer Brodt
ย  Updates and clarifications

This post is devoted to discuss some of the various comments I have received from many different people regarding part one (here). I will also add in some of the material which I had forgotten to quote for part one [some of which I was reminded of by readers] along with additional material that I have recently uncovered. I apologize for the delay in posting this.ย  From the outset, I would like to thank all those people who sent in comments regarding the post. I hope to publish the next two parts to this article in the near future.

My email address isย eliezerbrodt@gmail.com; feel free to send comments.

Firstly, on the general topic of censorship and especially related to this post, I forgot to mention Professor S. Stampfer's remarks to me when I discussed with him the general idea of this post: "Those who impose censorship presumably assume that they are wiser than the author whose text they wish to suppress". [See also his workย Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century, p. 11].[1]

ย In the beginning of the first part of this post [and in note two], I wrote that that this is a work in progress. In the future, I hope to write an in-depth article exploring otherย Heterimย for reading newspapers on Shabbos. I forgot to mention Rabbi Eitam Henkin's article on the subject availableย here. Rabbi Henkin deals with the Netzivย Heterย in note 24. [Thanks to J. for reminding me about this source].

Rabbi Henkin shows [note 27] the similarity of between theย Pesakย by R' Moshe Feinstein to that of the Netziv's.

ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืœืชื™ื• ืื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ื’ืจืช ืฉืœื•ื.

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจืื•ืช ืื™ื’ืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื•. ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืืกืจื• ืื™ื’ืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื˜ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ืžื—ื•ืง (ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื›"ื’ ื”ื™"ื˜, ื•ืขื™'ืื•"ื— ืกื™'ืฉ"ื– ื˜"ื– ืก"ืง ื™"ื), ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืžื—ื•ืง, ื›ืžื• ื“ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื ื™ื˜ื” (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขืจ"ื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'). ื“ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงืจื™ืืช ืื™ื’ืจืช ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ืžื—ื•ืง, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืงื•ืจื ื‘ืคื”,ย ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื” ืžื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ืžื—ื•ืง,ย ื•ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื“ืื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื [ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”, ืื•"ื—, ื”, ืกื™'ื›ื‘ ืื•ืช ื“].

This Teshuvah was purportedly written to Rabbi Y.P. Bodner. However, a check in Rabbi Bodner's work,ย The Halachos of Muktza, pp. 7-8, where he publishes the Teshuvot that he received from R' Moshe Feinstein, nothing of the sort appears regarding this issue. On the other hand, it bears note that in the introduction to this Teshuvah inย Igrot Mosheย (#21), the editors write that R' Moshe Feinstein had later added to them comments and corrections. [Thanks to Moshe Kaufman for this source].

In note five I deal with relying on R' Baruch Halevei Epstein'sย Mekor Baruch. I predicted (to myself) that CFP would comment about this [as he has in the past]. Others, as well, have complained to me about relying on this work. I am not going to get into the whole subject at this time; it has been dealt with in the past by many and will probably be dealt with in the future by many more. I plan to write my own thoughts on the topic in the future, B"N. For now, I will quote something related to this [and to some of the other sources I used in this post] from Professor Stampfer's introduction to his workย Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century, (p. 11) related to all this:
The sources I have used in this bookโ€ฆ and memoirs are worthy of note. The last category is the most important, and like every other source it has both advantages and disadvantages. Memoirs sometimes provide a more detailed picture than official documents, but most were written many years after the events described and more than likely in consequence to suffer from only partial recall; they also reflect their authors attitudes at the time of writing rather than at the time of the events they describe. In most cases I have assumed that, although what was written may only be part of the truth, the authors would not have deliberately lied. Moreover, almost all my conclusions are based on several sources, so that if one source proves unreliable it does not usually affect my general conclusions.
In the case of the Netziv reading newspapers, I have provided enough ancillary evidence. As for his having permitted reading them on Shabbas and himself having done so, I believe I have provided enough sources for that as well.

CFP commented:
"I don't know why you assume that the MB's fabrications - to the extent that they were such - were "common knowledge". How would the Netziv's activities, in the privacy of his house on Shabbos, be "common knowledge"? As an insider, RBE had free reign to claim whatever he wanted. The same applies also to R' Kook. He may not have known what his rebbe did Shabbos morning in his house. But even if he did, there's no reason to assume that R' Kook read the entire MB before giving a haskama on it. When assessing the validity of historical evidence, it can be useful to imagine that we're assessing this same evidence today. Do insiders make claims about great rabbis' practices that are of dubious veracity? Do people give haskamos on things that they've not read in full? It was probably no different then."
The reason why I assume it was common knowledge is this: Volozhin itself was a small town. Almost whatever the Netziv did was noted by the hundreds of Bochurim who learnt there; other than learning there was almost nothing else to talk about. In present-day Yeshivas, one of the hot topics which Yeshivah Bochurim enjoy discussing is what their Rebbe said or did; I believe this was no different in those days. The simplest way for everyone knew that the Netziv received newspapers was that they noticed his incoming mail. As for their knowledge of what went on in his house, many bochurim ate in his house on Shabbas and Yom Tov, as is clear from the various memoir literature. Thus, I do not think that R' Epstein had free reign to claim whatever he wanted about the goings on inside the Netziv's home.

I agree that I cannot prove that R Kook read the whole work in its entirety; I assume it is reasonable that he read all the parts about his Rebbe. Anyone familiar with how much the Netziv meant to him should be able to understand why I believe this. Conversely, I fully agree that people give haskomos to works they do not read, however that specific point has no direct bearing on my conclusions.

One of the memoir sources I quoted a few times in part one was from the various articles written by Micha Yosef Berdyczewski. Micha came from a chassidic home, learned in Volozhin for a short time, and ended up becoming a famous non-religious writer and thinker.[2]ย Thus, it begs the question how one could rely on such a source.

Berdyczewski wrote a lengthy article about Volozhin in Volume three ofย HaAssifย (1886), pp. 231-242. This article was recently reprinted in his collected writings volume one (pp. 65-75) However, they did not reprint the five page appendix to the article. See the end of this post for theย completeย article.

The article is well written and appears to be a very accurate portrayal of Volozhin.[3]ย Many who wrote on Volozhin used it.

Reading the appendix we find that the Netziv helped Berdyczewski, providing him with some information for this article. Berdyczewski quotes two pieces from the Netziv (p. 239, 240).

I contacted the world-renowned expert on Berdyczewski, Professor Holtzman, to inquire if this letter is still around. He was kind enough to send me a scan of the letter and another letter of the Netziv to Berdyczewski. To the best of my knowledge, these letters have never been printed.[4]ย Follows are the aforementioned letters, with Professor Holtzman's kind permission, followed by my transcription.

Letter 1



Letter 2



ืžื›ืชื‘ ื

ื‘"ื” ื”'ืœืกื“ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืชื›ื. ืชืจืž"ื•. ื•ื•ืœืื–ื™ืŸ.

ื›ืื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื–ืจื— ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจ"ืจ ื”ืื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ ื•ืฉื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืงืจ ืจื•ื— ื›"ืฉ ืž'ืžื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื ื™"ื•.

ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืฆื™ื•[ื™]ืชื™ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื”ืžืฆื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื•. ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”"ืง. ื•ื’ื ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื” ืืžื•ืช. ื•ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื™ื ื‘"ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื‘ืขืœ"ื˜ ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื•.

ืข"ื“ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื•"ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืจื“ื•ืช.[5]ย ื•ื ืคืœื ืžืžื ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื.ย ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื™ืœืš ื ื’ื“ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื, ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’. ื•ืืคื™'ืื ื”ื™'ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžื•"ืฅ ื‘ืงื”ืœื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืฉื•ื—ื˜. ืื›ืŸ ืื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•"ื‘ ืžื—ืžืช ื–ื” ืื• ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•"ื‘ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื.

ื•ื”'ื™ืฉืžืจื ื• ืžืœื›ื“. ื”ื ื ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ื”ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ื ืคืชืœื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.

ืžื›ืชื‘ ื‘

ื‘"ื” ื'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื ืœืขืฉื•ืจ ืชืจืž"ื–

ื™ืฉื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ ื•ืฉืœื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ืฉ ืž'ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจื“ื™ื˜ืฉื•ื•ืกืงื™ื ื ื™"ื•

ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื™ [ื•]ื”ื ื” ืกืคืจื™ ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจ[6]ย ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื›ืขืช ื›ื™ ื ืฉืจืคื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ืขื ืจ"ืœ. ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™'ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ื• ืœืžืขืœ[ืช]ื• ื—ื ื ื›ื™ ืžื—ื™ืจื• ืžืฆืขืจ.

ืข"ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื• ืœืกืคื—ื• ืœืขืฉืจื” ื”ื ื‘ืจืจื™ื[7]ย ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ืจืจื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื. ืืš ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืžืข"ื› ื "ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืœื ื™ื—ืกืจ ืœื—ืžื• ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ืืช.

ื”ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”

ื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ื ืคืชืœื™ ืฆื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ

In 1888 Berdyczewski printed a journal calledย Beis Hamedrashย which included an article from Rabbi Chaim Berlin [!] where Reb Chaim corrects and adds some important information to Berdyczewski famous article about the History of Yeshivat Volozhin. In this article, which it is obvious Reb Chaim Berlin read, Berdyczewski mentions the Netziv's reading newspapers and a listing of the many newspapers the Bochurim of Volozhin read in his time.

Rabbi Chaim Berlin's article was recently reprinted in theย Nishmat Hayyim, Mamorim u'Mechtavim, (pp. 329-331) but the name of the person this letter was addressed to, Micha Yosef Berdyczewski, was edited out. [It appears that the commenters on thisย forumย were not aware of this]. See the end of the post for the original article of Rabbi Chaim Berlin.

Professor Holtzman sent me the original letter of Rabbi Chaim Berlin to Berdyczewski and an additional letter of Rabbi Chaim Berlin to him. These letters were not printed before to the best of my knowledge.

Letter 1





Letter 2

ย 

ืžื›ืชื‘ ื

ื‘ืขื–ื”ื™"ืช. ื’', ืš"ื ืืœื•ืœ, ื”ืชืจืž"ื•. ื‘ื™ืืœื.

ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื›ื•'ื”'ื”'ืจื‘ื ื“ืขืžื™'ืžื“ื‘ืจื ื ื“ืื•ืžืชื™'

ืž'ืžื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจื“ื™ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื”ื™"ื•

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”'ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืค'ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื, ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืžืžืขื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื“ืจื•ื–ื’ืขื ื™ืง. ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืฉืžื”, ืขืค"ื™ ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื›ื— [ืž]ืฆืืชื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืขืœืชื• ืขืจื•ืš ืืœื™, ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืขื‘ืจ. ืืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืชื™ [ื›]ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืœืชื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืคืก ื’ื ืžืืžืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ [ื‘ื”]ืืกื™ืฃ. ื•ื’ื ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฆืคื™ืจื”. - ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ [ืœ]ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื•, ื˜ืจื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™, ืžืืžืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืœื–ืืช ื—ื“ืœืชื™ [ืž]ื—ืคืฆื• ื–ื”.

ืืš. ืขืœ ื“"ืช. ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืฉื ืžื”ืจื™"ื• ื–"ืœ. ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืกืจ ื•ื•ืจื“ื, ื’ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื•ื•ืจื“ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื–ื"ื–. ื•ืžื” ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ืชืจืช ืžืงืžื”?. ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื˜ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ [ื”]ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ื‘ื˜"ื– ืก"ืง ื“'. ื•ื‘ืฉ"ืš ืก"ืง ื™"ื–. ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื— ืœื•. ื•ืข'ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืคืœืชื™ [ืก"ืง] ื‘'. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื–"ืœ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืก"ืง ื”'ื•ืก"ืง ื•'. [?] ื“ื‘ืก"ืง ื”'ื›ืชื‘. ื“ืžืฉ"ื” ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื—ืกืจ ื•ื•ืจื“ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•. ื“ื‘ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืงื™ื™"ืœ ื›ืจืฉ"ื™. ื“ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืจื“ื ืื—ืช. ื•ื"ื› ืžื“ื™ื ื ื“ืฉ"ืก ื—ืกืจ ื•ื•ืจื“ื ื›ืฉืจ. ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ ื–"ืœ. ืืœื ื“ื–ื” ื”ื™'ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉ"ืก, ื“ืœื ื”ื™'ืฉื›ื™ื— ื•ื•ืจื“ื ืืคื™'ืื—ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื ืฉืชื ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื•ื•ืจื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืžืžื™ืœื, ืื ื—ืกืจื” ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ื, ื”ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ืกืจ. ื•ื˜ืจืคื”. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื‘ืจื’ืœื•ื ื™, ื“ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉ [ืœื›ืœ] ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืขื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื ื“ื•ื•ืจื“ื, ืื™ ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื” ื˜ืจืคื”. ื•ืข'ื‘ื‘"ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื“ืื–ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื–"ืœ. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™.-. ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ืก"ืง ื•'ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื–"ืœ, ื“ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉืชื™ ื•ื•ืจื“ื•ืช. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื›ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืžื™, ื•ื”ื•"ืœ ื—ืกืจื” ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ื.-. ื–ื”ื• ืืžืชื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื[ืชื™] ื’ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืจื“ ืก"ืง ื "ื“. ืฉื‘ืื•ืช ื•'. ื”ืงืฉื” ื›ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืขืœืชื•. ื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื–'ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื–"ืœ. ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.-. ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืืš ืœืขืฆืจ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืขืœืชื•, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื•ื”ื™'ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื ืœื•, ื•ืœืฉื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืชื•ืงื”, ื™ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ื—ืชื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™[ื™ื] ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื ืœื‘ื‘ื•. ื•ื›ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื™ืจื•, ืžื‘ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ืจื•, ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ื• ื›ืขืจื›ื•, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืœืขื“. ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื’"ืž ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื”ื™"ื• ืžื•ื•ืœืื–ื™ืŸ ืื‘"ื“ ื“ืžืืกืงื•ื•ื ื•ื›ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืืœื.

ืžื›ืชื‘ ื‘

ื‘ืขื–ื”ื™"ืช. ื‘'ื“ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืฉื ืช "ื“ืข ืืช ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื™ืš ื•ืขื‘ื“ื”ื•"ืœืค"ืง

ืคื” ื‘ื™ืืœื.

ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื—ื›ื, ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ืฉืœื. ื—ื•ืงืจ ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืž'ืžื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื“ื™ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื”ื™"ื• [??]

ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ื•. ื•ืœืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื•ื”ืคืฆืจืชื• ืžืžื ื™, ื–ื” ืคืขืžื™ื. ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ื’ืœื•ื™ [ื•ื‘]ืžื›ืชื‘ ื—ืชื•ื, ืฉืžืชื™ ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžืืžืจื•, "ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื"ื‘ื”ืืกื™ืฃ [ืฉื ]ืช ืชืจืž"ื–. ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ื• ืžืœื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื, ื‘ืคืจื˜, [ื‘]ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื”ึตื ื” - ื›ื‘ืงืฉืชื•.-.

ื•ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžืžื ื™ ืขื•ื“. ืœืฉื•ื ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•, "ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื, ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“, ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ืขืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืื—ืจ [ืข]ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืขืค"ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช", ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• [ืฉ]ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ื–ื”. ื‘ืชืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืคืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžืžื ื•. ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืžื” ืืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•. - ื”ืืžืช ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ื•, ื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื™ ืฉืžื• ื•ื–ื›ืจื•. ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื• ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื•. ืืš ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื•ืจืื” [ื•]ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื [ื]ืœื”. ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื”, ื•ื”ื ืฉ"ืก ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื•ืชื•ืกืคืชื, ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื [ื•ื”]ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ืœื™ื”ื. ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื•"ืข ืขื ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื–"ืœ. ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื” ืœืจื‘ ื•ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื–ื”"ื–. ืฉื"ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื™ ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืช ืืคืจื™ื, ืชื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื•ืจ, ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืจื“, ืกื“ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ื•[ืžื”.] ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื•ื“[ืžื™] ืœื™'ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ืžื ื—ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื™'. ื•ืืฉืจ ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื–ืžื ื• ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” - [ืื‘ืœ] ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื™, ืื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืื‘ื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœื”, ืขืจื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ื“ืœ ืฉืคืชื™, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื–ืžื ื™ ื™ืงืจ ืœื™, ืœืžื™ื”ื“ืจ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื, ื•ืœื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ื•ื‘ืืชืจื ื“ืขื™ื™ืœ ื™ืจืงื, ืœื™ืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื ื•ื›ื•ื•ืจื™.-. ื•ืืฉืจ ืข"ื› ืจื—ื•ืง ืื ื™ ืžึดืชึตืช ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”. ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืชื. ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ื”ืžื”. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื–"ืœ. ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื. ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ืคืชื— ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื™ ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช [ืจืฆื•ื ื•] ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื ืœื‘ื‘ื™.-.

ืžืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ืžืฉื” ื—ืคืฅ ื–"ืœ. ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืื•ืžื”. ืื ื›ื™ ืกืคืจื• ืžืœืื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™. ืืš ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ื ืžืฆื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื•, ืืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื•. ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™.-.

ื™ื”ื™ ื”'ืขืžื•, ื•ื™ืขื ื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืžื•, ื›ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฆื•, ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•, ื”ืžื›ื‘ื“ื• ื›ืขืจื›ื•, ื•ืžื•ืงื™ืจื•, ืžื‘ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ืจื•, ื“ื•"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืœืขื“. ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ

A short time later Berdyczewski published several more articles related to Volozhin, one of which was a five chapter piece about the Yeshivah, titledย Olam Ha-Atzeilus, printed inย Hakeremย in 1888. While this article does contain valuable information, it's written in a different style than his earlier article. It was reprinted in the excellent collectionย Yeshivot Litaย (pp. 132-151) and in the small Bookletย Pirkei Volozhinย (1984).

Another series of articles about Volozhin, written at the same time, was calledย Tzror Mechtavim Me-Eis Bar Be Ravย and caused a great commotion. The series was printed inย Ha-Melitz, starting from January 1888 and onwards. The series was written under a pen name, and only in the last issue did Berdyczewski sign his name.

In a memoir from someone who learnt in Volozhin at the time Berdyczewski's articles were printed we find:

ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ืย ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืคื™ืœื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืข"ื™ ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืฆืขื•ืกืงื™... ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื ืืžื ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ื“ื ื•ืืช ืœื—ืฆื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืขื‘ืจืชื• ื”ื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื—ืงื™ื”ื ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฆืื ื• ืชื—ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืชื—ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขื“ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ย ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื™ื—ืกื• ืืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ... [ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื™ื‘ ืจืื“ื•ืก, ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืขืž' 68].

Radus continues in his autobiography that they had suspected someone specific in the Yeshiva for having authored these articles and that although Berdyczewski was involved in their writing, he was not the author. Radus writes that while this person was thrown out of Volozhin, he eventually became a renowned Rav. Unfortunately he does not name the person.

Regarding theย Mekor Baruch, I wrote: "His work received a glowing haskamah from Rav Kook".

In volume four ofย Mekor Baruch, at the end of the volume (pp. 14-15) R' Epstein prints a letter from Rav Kook about the sefer but he does not print the whole letter. Rav Kook writes:

ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช... ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ...

For recent discussion about this letter see Eitam Henkin and Shmaria Gershuni,ย Alonei Mamreihย 122 (2009)ย  (p.186).

Another comment regardingย Mekor Baruch'sย report was sent to me from Moshe Maimon:
R. Mazuz in hisย Mekor Ne'emanย references theย Mekor Baruch'sย report twice. On p. 95 he relies on it to beย Matirย reading newspapers on shabbos and on p. 254 in a letter toย Mosheย Chavusha he quotes it to defend himself for citing R. Ovadia's practice of listening to the radio every day.
More on the Netziv and reading newspapers:

In 1881, Rabbi Baruch Epstein wrote an article inย Hamelitzย about Volozhin defending it from various attacks in the newspapers. He describes Volozhin and the Netziv in depth:

ืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื ืคืฉ ื ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ ืžืจื‘ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืจ ืจ'ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื”ื™"ื•...ย ืจื•ื‘ ืžื›"ืข ืœื‘"ื™ ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืคืช ืจื•ืกืกื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื™ื–ื” ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื...". [ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ, ื™ื–, ื™ื•ื ื‘ ืื“ืจ ืชืจืž"ื (1881), ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 3, ืขืž' 54].

I am doubtful he would write something like this in a public forum, during the Netziv's lifetime, if it was not true.

More on the Netziv and reading newspapers

Inย Shutย Meishiv Davarย we find a few more times that the Netziv refers to articles he read inย newspapers.

ืจืื™ืชื™ย ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸย (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘, ืกื™'ืงื—)

ืข"ื“ ืžืืžืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื”ย ืขืœื” ื”ืฆืคื™ืจื”ย ื ื•' 44 ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืืžืจ ื•ืชืจื’ื– ื‘ื˜ื ื™... (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ,ื’, ืกื™'ืžื˜).

This last Teshuvah was actually printed in theย Ha-Tzefirahย before it was printed in theย Meishiv Davar. Here is the original article:



But elsewhere inย Meishiv Davarย we find the Netziv writes:

ย ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ ื•ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื”ืจ'ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืื ื“ืžืืŸ ืฉื™'ื“ืงื“ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ... [ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘, ืกื™'ืงื˜].

Inย Igrot HaNetziv Me-Volozhinย (p. 60) this teshuvah was printed with a few more words:

ืจืื™ืชื™ย ื‘ื”ืžืœื™ืฅย ื ื•' 120 ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืœื’ ื•ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื”ืจ'ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืื ื“ืžืืŸ ืฉื™'ื“ืงื“ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ...

Even more interesting is this letter was originally printed in theย Hameilits.ย Here is the original:



Rabbi Chanoch Taubes writes about R' Epstein's claims of the Netziv Reading newspapers:

'ื”ืžื’ื™ื“'ื‘ื˜ืื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”. ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ื’ื ืœื‘ืชื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื. ืื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจ'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืขืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืž' 1974 ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืžื•ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘, ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ืงืจื ืื•ืชื• [ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘], ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืกื›ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช... ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•, ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืฉืžืคืืช ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจ'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืขืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฅ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช... ื—ื™ื–ืง ืœื”ืฉืขืจื” ื–ื• ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืกื• ื”ืœืขื’ื ื™ื™ ื•ื”ืขื•ืงืฆื ื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื’ื ืืช ื—ื™ืฆื™ ื”ืœืขื’ ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื”. ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกืœื ื˜ืจ, ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืœื”ืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืื‘"ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ืฅ ืืช ืžืœืื›ืช ืขืจื™ื›ืชื•... [ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืกืขืจื”, ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ืชืฉืข"ื”, ืขืž' 77-78 [=ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืกืขืจื”, ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ืชืฉืก"ื—, ืขืž' 63-64].

However, it is apparent that based upon further evidence, Rabbi Taubiesย claim has no basis.

In part one of this article I cited a remarkable story from R' Eliyahu Milikovsky about a Response that the Netziv wrote to an article in theย HaMaggid. One might say that R' Milikovsky's memory failed him and he recalled the wrong newspaper. However here is the newspaper article written by the Netziv in theย HaMaggid, referred to in this story. [Quoted inย Igrot HaNetziv Me-Volozhin,ย pp. 54-56]



The Netziv was responding to this article.



That aside, as we have shown in part one of this article, the Netziv quotesย HaMaggidย in his seforim. These quotes and their subsequent censorings were discussed there as well.

Here are some additional articles by the Netziv published inย HaMaggid




This is reprinted inย Igrot HaNetziv Me-Volozhin,ย (pp.198-199)


There are more pieces of the Netziv inย HaMaggidย which will be discussed in a later post.

It bears mention that many other Gedolim also read and wrote inย HaMaggid; see for example this piece of theย Dikdukei Sofrimย (one of many).



R' Chaim Berlinย (more on this shortly)ย also read theย HaMaggid.

New evidence about the Netziv reading newspapers on Shabbas (and Censorship):

At the end of the January 7, 1869 issue of theย Ha-Levononย newspaper there appeared an announcement regarding a new sefer that was to be printed soon for the first time from manuscript, namely The Ritva's work on Nidah and hisย Sefer Ha-Zechron.ย Sefer Ha-Zechronย is a defense of the Rambam from the Ramban's various critiques in hisย Pirish Al Hatorah. After the announcement, Zalman Stern wrote a comment dealing with the subject of the Rambam's reasoning forย Korbonos.[8]

Less than a month later, in the February 11th issue of theย Ha-Levononย newspaper, the Netziv wrote a lengthy response to Stern's comment. The article is a beautiful essay by the Netziv, related to the reasoning for Korbonos.[9]

The Netziv begins his article with the following sentences:

ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื•ื™ืœื ืย ืขืœ ืฉ"ืงย ืฉื ื™ ืขืœื™ย ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸย ืžืฉื ืช ืฉืฉื™ืช.ย ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื•ื ื’ย ืžืคืจืฉืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืข"ื› ืฉื™'ื”ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื—ืŸ ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื™ ืœื ื• 2 ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ืกื™'ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื–"ืœ ื ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื›ื ื'ืžืขืฆืžื• ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื–"ืœ ื”ืฉื’ื”...

Here we have, in black and white, the Netziv writing about himself thatย he read the newspaper on Shabbas![10]



In 1993, this article was reprinted in the previously mentioned new edition of theย Meishiv Davarย  (5:90). While they do cite that the source of this article is from theย Ha-Levononย (but not an exact location) the first three lines I just quoted are missing and the piece begins with the wordsย ื ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื›ื ื'




Rabbi Chaim Berlin and Reading Newspapersย in general:

In a letter[11]ย to Avraham Eliyhau Harkavy he writes:

ื”ืืžื ื ื›ื™ ืžืชืขื ื’ ืื ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžืช, ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื™ย ืžื›ื”"ืข ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,ย ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื™'ืœื™ ื”ืคืขื, ื‘ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืœื™ ืœืฉืžื™, ื•ืืจื, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื•, ื•ื›ื™ ื ืืžื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื—ื›ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื‘, ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ื ืืžื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช [ืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ื, ืขืž'ืงืฆื˜ (=ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืขืž'ืฉืœื˜)].

Elsewhere he writes:

ื”ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™'ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงืืฆืขื ืขืœื™ื ื–ืื”ืŸ, ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืคื”,ย ื‘ืฆื•ืคื”ย ื ื•ืžืจ 30... [ืื•ืฆืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื, ืกื™'ืจื—].

ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื ืืฆืœื™... ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื’ืžื’ืžื• ืžื”ื‘ื ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื—ืงืจื™ ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืคื”ย ื‘ืฆื•ืคื” ืœื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืฉื ื” ื–ื•... [ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืกื™'ืงืฆื˜].
Although Rabbi Chaim Berlin read newspapers he writes:

ืืช ื”ืขืœื” ืžืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ืœืื ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื™, ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื• ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœืคืจืกืžื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืืžืช ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื™ ื ื•ื—ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ื“ืคืกืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืขืชื™, ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืค"ืง ื“ืจื”"ืฉ ื™ื— ื‘'ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื—ืจ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื˜ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืืฉืคื”. ื•ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืข, ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”, ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืœืžื—ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืืฉืคื” ื—"ื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื–ื” [ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ืจื—, ืœื”:ื (ืชืฉืž"ื•), ืขืž' 44-45 (=ืจ'ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ืคืžืŸ ืคืจื™ื ืฅ, ืคืจื ืก ืœื“ื•ืจื•, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื "ื‘, ืขืž' 326-327 ; ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืขืž'ืงืกื˜)][12].

The Netziv writes about printing newspaper articles in Torah:

ื˜ืจื ืืขื ื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื— ืœื™ ืœืคืœืคืœ ื‘ื“"ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืชื™ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื—ืžื•ืงื™ ื™ืจื›ื™ืš ื ืžืฉืœื• ื“"ืช ืœื™ืจืš ืžื” ื™ืจืš ื‘ืกืชืจ ืืฃ ื“"ืช ื‘ืกืชืจ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจืื•ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—"ื•, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ืขื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจืื” ืืœื ื˜ืขื•ืช... (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืžืžืœืื–ื™ืŸ, ืขืž'ื ื–).

Newspaper articles by Rabbi Chaim Berlin:

Although it appears from the above quoted letter that Rabbi Cham Berlin was against writing newspaper articles, we do find that he did write some. For example:

In the June 24, 1868ย issue ofย Ha-Levononย we find an article of Rabbi Chaim Berlin.[13]



A few months later in the August 26, 1868 issueย Ha-Levononย we find another article of Rabbi Chaim Berlin.[14]




It could be that he wrote those two articles as they were important issues but in general he did not write articles of Random Torah.

However, in 1863, the Newspaperย Ha-Levonon's first year, in the ninth issue we find a nice long article from Rabbi Chaim Berlin related toย Sefirat Ha'omer. Rabbi Berlin comes to the conclusion if one forgot to countย Sefirahย one night so although the next night he cannot count the days with aย Berachaย he may count number of the weeks with aย Beracha!ย ย 
















































































In the 1993 edition of the Shutย Meishiv Davar, after reprinting this piece by Rabbi Chaim Berlin, they print a letter that the Netziv wrote to him on the subject.

ื‘ื‘ื•ืื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ืชืŸ ื’ื™ืกื™... ืฉื™'ืขืœื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ... ืžื›ืชื‘ืš ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ... ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžืฆื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื—ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”'ืœืืžืฅ ื—ื™ืœืš ื•ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื‘ื ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ ื•ืœื‘ ืขืงื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื”, ื•ืื– ืชืขืฉ ื—ื™ืœ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”.

ืืžื ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืžืชื™ ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื...ย ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืชืฉื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ ืฉื’ื’ืชื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื”... ื•ืœื ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืงื™ืจื™. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ืš ื›ื•'ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข... ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ... ืื ืืชื” ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ืื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื ื™ื’ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื• ืื– ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. [ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”, ืกื™'ื˜ื–].

Rabbi Rafael Shapiro, brother in law of R' Chaim,[15]ย also argues on this Pesak and begins his Teshuvah as follows:

ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืฉืชื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืชย ืขืœื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸย ื ื•'ื˜'ืฉื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื•... ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ืžื”...

R' Chaim's great-uncle, Rabbi Meir Berlin, also has a Teshuvah on the subject. He takes issue with R' Chaim's Pesak, begining his teshuva stating:

ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ืขืœื” ื'ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ... [ืื•ืฆืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื•"ืช ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื, ืขืž'ืฉื™ื‘-ืฉื™ื“].

In his memoirsย about Volozhin, a student writes:
ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ื'ืจ'ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืžื ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจื‘ ื‘ืžืกืงื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ืข ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจืžื™ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื” ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ืœืฉื•ื ื”... [ืžืฉื” ื™ืืคืขื˜, ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ื ืช, ืงื•ื‘ื ื” ืชืจืค"ื“, ืขืž' 10]

Rabbi Chaim Berlin and Reading Newspapersย on Shabbas:

Printed inย Igrot HaNetziv Me-Volozhinย is a letter by Rabbi Chaim Berlin, dated Sunday 1892.[16]ย In the letter he writes as follows:

ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉ"ืง [=ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ] ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืจืขื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื, ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื,ย ืขืœื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืขืœื” ืžื›ื”"ืข [=ืžื›ืชื‘ ืขืช] ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ, ืžื™ื•ื ื’'ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื ื•' 139, ื•ืฉื ื ืืžืจ...

Here is an image of the Newspaper that they were reading:





Additions to note six about the Journalย 'Ittur Sofrim': I should have mentioned that the Netziv was not happy about it at first, as he thought it would take away too much time from Rav Kook's learning.[17]ย 

Worth pointing to is Berdyczewski's quote from the Netziv when he was asked about starting a Torah Journal for the Bochurim to print some of their ideas

ื“ื›ื™ืจื ื ื›ื“ ื”ื•ื™ื ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ืกื“ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืขืชื™ ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉ"ืก, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืกืคืจื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื• ืœื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ืขื“ื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื– ื’ืขืจ ื‘ื”ื ืคืŸ... ื”ืชืขื“ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”? ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจืก ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืกืงื ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”... [ื”ื›ืจื ืชืจืž"ื— (=ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืžื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื“ื™ืฆ'ื‘ืกืงื™, ื, ืขืž' 97]

As one can see from the Netziv's Haskamah toย Itturย Sofrimย here:


Rabbi Aaron Felder writes that he once asked Rav Moshe Feinstein about Rav Kook, to which Rav Moshe responded:

ืฉื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจื ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืจืš ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• [ืจืฉื•ืžื™ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื, ืขืž'ื›ื—].

ย Moshe Reines wrote in an article in the journalย Beis Hamedrashย printed in 1888:

ื’ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืกืค"ืข ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืœื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืชื ื•, ืื•ืœื ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืžื ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืจ'ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื™ืžืขืœ... ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”"ืœ ืžื›"ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืชื•ืขื“ื”, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื ื—ื›ื” ื ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื“'ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืื ืœื [ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ 1888, ืขืž' 86].

See also R. Shmuel Alexandrov,ย Michtavei Meckar Ubikurut, 1, Vilna 1907, p. 7; R' Mordechai Gimpel Yoffe's letter to Rav Kook inย Igrot LiRaayah, p. 17; R' Kluger's letterย Ibid, pp. 26-27; Y. Mirsky,ย Rav Kook, Mystic in a time of Revolution, pp. 20-21.

Addition to noteย seven: The new version ofย 'Ittur Sofrim'ย does not say where their copy of Rav Zev Turbavitz's letter about the Heter of the Netziv is from.

Rabbi Baruch Oberlander sent me a reference to Rav Zev Turbavitz'sย Shut Tifres Zivย (1896), pp. 51-55 where he has a lengthy Teshuvah about reading newspapers on Shabbas in the beginning he writes:

ย ืืžื ื ื›ืขืช ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื• ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื....

In this Teshuvah he does not write the Netziv's name nor the journal's name nor does he write as sharply as he does in the letters I quoted from him to the Aderet and Rav Kook. But he does take strong issue with the Netziv's Heter, going through the Sugyah at great length.

Addition to note eight:ย Both editions of Rabbi Chaim Berlin's Teshuvot fail to mention the source of this Teshuvah; it's printed in the back of the Shutย Bikurei Shlomoย (1:321). See alsoย Shut Nishmat Chaim, p. 343, where he mentions he printed the Teshuvot found in Shutย Bikurei Shlomoย but he does not say where he did so.
Addition to note nine:ย The reference Shutย Bikurei Shlomoย siman, 3-4ย includes a Letter of Rabbi Yehosef Zechariah Stern on this topic. In the new edition of theย Shut Zecher Yehosefย printed byย Mechon Yerushalyimย (2014), they reprinted this Teshuvah with many additions (2, pp. 437-440) from the notes of R' Stern which he wrote on the side of his copy ofย Shutย Bikurei Shlomo.

Who censored the 1894 edition of theย Meishiv Davar?
In the Shar of the Sefer of both editions it says it was printed:
ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืืฉืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฆืœื”"ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”
I am not sure how much the sons Meir and Yakov had to do with the printing. Meir was fourteen years old at the time and Yakov was about seventeen[18].

R' Chaim Berlin wrote to Rabbi Eliezer Lipman Prins:

ืžื›"ื™ ืžืจ ืื‘ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ื–ืฆืœื”"ื” ื ื“ืคืก ืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ืฉื•"ืช ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจย ืข"ื™ ืืœืžื ืชื•, ื”ื“ืจื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจืฉื, ื•ืืš ืžืžื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจื•ื ืžืขืœืชื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืื“ืจืกืกื ืฉืืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™, ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขื ื™ [ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ืจื—, ืœื”:ื (ืชืฉืž"ื•), ืขืž' 44-45 (=ืจ'ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ืคืžืŸ ืคืจื™ื ืฅ, ืคืจื ืก ืœื“ื•ืจื•, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื "ื‘, ืขืž' 324; ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืขืž'ืขื—)].

I would say the Netziv's wife had much more to do with the printing than her sons, however I do not think that Batyah Mirel Berlin[19]ย was the type to censor such a thing. According to her granddaughter's description of her:

ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ืื™ ื”ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ืชืย ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ืย ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืงื™ืื” ืœืžื“ื™ [ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืคืคื™ืฉ, ืกืคืจ ื•ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ, ืขืž' 481 (= ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืฉื›ื—ื•, ืขืž' 55)].

Furthermore her father the author of theย Aruch Hashulchanย writes:

ื "ืœ ื“ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืชืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืชื” ื•ื–ื” ื ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืกืง ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืืจื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื” ืœื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืง"ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื’ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ื”"ืจ ื ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืขืชื” ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ืย ย (ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ, ืกื™'ืฉื– ืก"ืง ื˜).

Here is an advertisement published shortly after the Netziv died, asking for financial assistance for completing the printing of theย Meishiv Davar.



Appendix One:



Appendix Two:





*Special thanks goes to my good friend Yisroel Israel for all his time and help in preparing this article. I would also like to thank my friend Rabbi Yosaif M. Dubovick for editing this article.
[1]ย ย Seeย Hama'yanย 202 (2012) pp. 41-46, regarding the question if there exists aย Heterย to censor another's works.
[2]ย On Berdyczewski see: Rabbi Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg,ย Kisvei Hagaon Rabbi Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg,ย 2, pp. 270-282; Marc Shapiro,ย Between the Yeshiva World and Modern Orthodoxy, p.74; Avner Holtzman,ย Micha Yosef Berdyczewskiย 2011; Avner Holtzman,ย El Hakerah Sheblevย (1995).
[3]ย ย See S. Stampfer'sย Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century, (p. 159) who cites Bialik that everything Berdyczewski wrote inย HaAsifย about Haskalah was false. However this is a major issue with relying solely upon autobiographical information; each person is referring to the time he was in the Yeshivah.
[4]ย A facsimile of one of the Netziv's letter to him was reprinted in volume one of the collection of Berdyczewski writings,ย Kesavimย 1,(1996) p.64.
[5]ย ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ืง: "ื“ื™ืฉ ื›[ืช]ื‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžื•"ืฅ ื‘ืขื™ืจ"

[6]ย Berdyczewski wrote a very positive review of this work. See his collected writings volume one pp. 196-197.

[7]ย ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืกืงื™. ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจืื”: ืจ"ืž ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, 'ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืœื•ื–ื™'ืŸ', ืงื‘ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ (ืชืฉื™"ื), ืขืž'ืจืœื; ืช'ืคืจืื ืง, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”'ื‘ื•ื•ืืœืื–ื™ืŸ, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืก"ื, ืขืž' 118 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœืœ. ืฉื, ืขืž' 121, ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื ื‘ืจืจื™ื ืžืฉื ืช ืชืจืž"ื– ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื•ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ [ื”ืขืจืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืจ'ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื•ืคืžืŸ].
[8]ย I hope to return to this topic in the future. For now, see: Rabbi Kalman Kahana,ย Cheker Viyun, 2, pp. 66-78
[9]ย See also the Netziv's work on Shir Hashirim (1:8).
[10]ย After patting myself on the back for this discovery, I found this source, in the name of Dr. Leiman, buried in a footnote in Jacob J. Schacter's classic article "Haskalah, Secular Studies and the Close of the Yeshiva in Volozhin in 1892",ย Torah u-Madda Journalย 2 (1990), on page 126, footnote 105. However they do not note the censorship from the 1993 edition ofย Meishiv Davar, as this article was printed in 1990.ย 
[11]ย ย I will return to this letter in part four B"n.
[12]ย ย The Chazon Ish wrote a similar thing to Rav Zevin:
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื... ืœื ืืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื™'ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื—ื“ื” ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชื ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื”, ืžืœื‘ืจ ืฉืกื•ืคืŸ ืœื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืชื›ืจื™ืš ืœื—ืžืื”.
This letter was first printed without Rav Zevin's name inย Kovetz Igrot Chazon Ishย (1:183) and more recently with his name on it inย Hashakdanย (1:117), including a facsimile of the original letter.
[13]ย Shut Nishmat Hayyimย (2002), pp. 231-233;ย Otzar Rabbi Chaim Berlin,ย Shut Nishmat Hayyim, 3, pp. 375-377.
[14]ย Shut Nishmat Hayyimย (2002), pp. 149-151;ย Otzar Rabbi Chaim Berlin,ย Shut Nishmat Hayyim, 2, pp. 135-136. See also the 1993 edition of theย Meishiv Davarย where this Teshuvah is printed. All three of these places include an additional teshuvah on the topic of the Netziv which begins with the words:
ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื™ ืขืœื”ย ืžื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸย ื‘ืื• ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš...
[15]ย Torat Refael, 3:37;ย Otzar Rabbi Chaim Berlin,ย Shut Nishmat Hayyim,1, p. 312. The 2002 edition of Shutย Nishmat Hayyimย (pp. 99-103) only prints Rabbi Chaim Berlin's piece on the subject and not the Netziv's letter to him, despite their norm to print the related letters by the Netziv about the subject being discussed.
See R' Yosef Zecariah Stern,ย Shut Zecher Yehosef, (#194):
ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉืย  ื”ืจืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืืœืื–ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืงืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ืื ืœื ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื“ืž"ืž ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืœื•ืชย  ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื‘ืจืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืชืจื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™... ื•ืž"ืž ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื™...".
Although RYZ"S possessed a phenomenal memory, apparently he confused the Netziv with his son R' Chaim.
[16]Igrot HaNetziv Me-Volozhin,ย pp. 148-150;ย Sefer Nishmat Hayyim, Mamorim u'Mechtavim, p. 119. See Shaul Stampfer, Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century, p. 231.
[17]ย Mirsky [Rav Kook, Mystic in a time of Revolution, p. 20] mistakenly attributes this fear to R' Yitzchak Elchanan.
[18]ย ย For the dating of Yakov Berlin's birth, see the Netziv's letter to R' Shmuel Salant inย Igrot HaNetziv Me-Volozhin,p. 207. For more information about R' Yakov Berlin, see his daughter Tova Papish's autobiographyย Tselilim Shel Nishkehu, pp. 58-62. [Thanks to Mr. Y. Israel for pointing me to this book].
[19]ย ย See also what her son Rabbi Meir Bar Ilan writes inย Me-Volozhin LeYerushalim, 1, 118-122.ย 
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